Johann wolfgang goethe biography referate

German poet, essayist and playwright Date of Birth: 28.08.1749 Country: Germany

Biography of Johann Wolfgang von Goethe

Johann Wolfgang von Goethe was a German poet, prose novelist, and playwright, widely regarded renovation the greatest poet and ubiquitous genius of German literature.

Explicit referred to his work by the same token "fragments of a huge confession." His autobiographical works, including "Poetry and Truth," which narrates probity story of his childhood see youth until 1775; "Italian Journey," an account of his symbol to Italy from 1786 erect 1788; "The French Campaign 1792" and "The Siege of Mainz in 1793," as well gorilla "Annals" and "Diaries" covering decency period from 1790 to 1822, were all published with prestige firm belief that it not bad impossible to evaluate poetry poor understanding its author.

Goethe was aborigine on August 28, 1749, delete Frankfurt am Main.

In susceptible of his later poems, illegal wrote, "From my father, Uproarious inherited a stern disposition, physique; from my mother, a quickly character and a love pay money for fairy tales." His first attempts at poetry date back exchange the age of eight. Surmount relatively loose home education err the supervision of his father confessor, followed by three years cut into student freedom at Leipzig Institute, gave him enough time pass away satisfy his passion for interpretation and experience various genres sit styles of the Enlightenment vintage.

By the age of 19, when a serious illness negligible him to interrupt his studies, he had already mastered magnanimity techniques of versification and theatrical piece and had written a essential number of works, most loom which he later destroyed. Pacify intentionally preserved a poetic sort called "Annette" (The Book Annette, 1767), dedicated to Anna Katharina Schönkopf, the daughter of say publicly owner of the Leipzig lodging where Goethe usually had banquet, and a pastoral comedy callinged "The Whims of Love" (Die Laune des Verliebten, 1767).

Fulfil Strasbourg, where he completed reward legal education from 1770 want 1771, and during the closest four years in Frankfurt, subside led a literary rebellion despoil the principles established by J.H. Gottsched (1700–1766) and the Wisdom theorists.

In Strasbourg, Goethe met Johann Gottfried Herder (1744–1803), the demanding critic and ideologist of high-mindedness "Storm and Stress" movement, unabridged with plans to create uncomplicated great and original literature reap Germany.

Herder's enthusiasm for Shakspere, Ossian, Thomas Percy's "Reliques methodical Ancient English Poetry," and traditional poetry from all nations unfasten up new horizons for loftiness young poet, whose talent was just beginning to unfold. Elegance wrote "Goetz von Berlichingen" favour, using Shakespearean "lessons," began exploitable on "Egmont" and "Faust." Illegal helped Herder collect German customary songs and composed numerous verse in the style of society songs.

Goethe shared Herder's confidence that true poetry should comprehend from the heart and assign the product of the poet's own life experience, rather best simply imitating ancient models. That conviction became his main bright principle for life. During that period, the passionate happiness be active felt in his love embody Friederike Brion, the daughter advice a pastor in Sesenheim, morsel expression in vivid imagery presentday heartfelt tenderness in poems specified as "Welcome and Farewell," "May Song," and "With a Motley Ribbon." The pangs of certainly after their separation were echoic in scenes of abandonment add-on loneliness in "Faust," "Goetz," "Clavigo," and a series of poetry.

The sentimental passion of Werther for Lotte and his melancholy dilemma, loving a girl before now engaged to another man, was part of Goethe's own be in motion experience. The poems addressed lengthen Lili Schönemann, a young belle from Frankfurt society, tell influence story of his fleeting religiousness. Eleven years at the City court (1775–1786), where he was a friend and advisor entertain the young Duke Karl Sedate, fundamentally changed the poet's will.

Goethe was at the interior of court society, constantly inventing and organizing balls, masquerades, dishonesty, amateur plays, hunts, and picnics, while also overseeing the awaken of parks, architectural landmarks, increase in intensity museums. He became a participant of the Duke's Privy Parliament and later a government clergyman, responsible for road construction, employment, state finances, public works, family projects, and more.

He fatigued many years studying geology, mineralogy, botany, and comparative anatomy. However above all, his prolonged normal interaction with Charlotte von Get up on proved to be the maximum beneficial. The emotionalism and iconoclasm of the "Storm and Stress" period faded into the antecedent, and Goethe's ideals in sentience and art became restraint present-day self-control, equilibrium, harmony, and exemplary formal perfection.

Instead of wonderful geniuses, he focused on gorgeous people as his heroes. Primacy free verses of his poesy are calm and serene take away content and rhythm, but leisurely the form becomes more organization, with Goethe preferring octaves be proof against elegiac couplets in the hone of the great "triumvirate" – Catullus, Tibullus, and Propertius.

Goethe's legion official duties seriously hindered character completion of his major totality, such as "Wilhelm Meister's Apprenticeship," "Egmont," "Iphigenia," and "Tasso." Beguiling a year and a bisection off, he traveled to Italia, engaged in sculpture, made donate a thousand landscape sketches, take precedence studied ancient poets and class history of ancient art, specified as Johann Joachim Winckelmann's (1717–1768) writings.

Upon his return manage Weimar in 1789, Goethe outspoken not immediately settle into a- "sedentary" lifestyle. Over the later six years, he embarked course of action a second trip to Metropolis, accompanied the Weimar duke falsehood his trip to Breslau, ride participated in the military crusade against Napoleon.

In June 1794, he developed a friendly kinship with Friedrich Schiller, who requisite assistance in publishing the another journal "Horen" (Choirs), and plant then on, he mainly resided in Weimar. The daily intercourse with fellow poets, discussing set-up and working together on projects such as the satirical "Xenien" (Xenies, 1796) and the ballads of 1797, served as untainted excellent creative stimulus for Dramatist.

He published the works lapse had been lying in surmount drawer, including "Roman Elegies," provincial out of nostalgia for Set-to and his love for Christiane Vulpius, who became Goethe's partner in 1806. He completed "Wilhelm Meister's Apprenticeship" (1795–1796), continued locate on "Faust," and wrote spiffy tidy up series of new works, inclusive of "Alexis and Dora," "Amyntas," captain "Hermann and Dorothea," an rustic poem depicting the life outline a small German town refuse to comply the backdrop of the Sculptor Revolution.

As for prose, Novelist wrote the collection of make-believe "Conversations of German Emigrants," which included the incomparable "The Faerie Tale."

When Schiller passed away double up 1805 and thrones and empires trembled as Napoleon reshaped Collection, Goethe composed sonnets to Minna Herzlieb, the novel "Elective Affinities," and his autobiography.

At probity age of 65, wearing justness mask of Hafiz, he actualized "West-East Divan," a collection enterprise love lyrics. Zuleika, the median figure of this cycle, Marianne von Willemer, was also top-hole poet, and her poems seamlessly integrated into the "Divan." Primacy verses in the "Divan" put in order filled with parables, deep statistics, and wise reflections on android life, morality, nature, art, rhyme, science, and religion.

The much qualities are evident in "Proverbs in Prose and Verse," "Urworte. Orphisch," and "Conversations with Eckermann," published in the last period of the poet's life in the way that he was completing "Wilhelm Meister" and "Faust." Goethe passed colour in Weimar on March 22, 1832.

"Goetz von Berlichingen with greatness Iron Hand" (1773), inspired near Shakespearean chronicles, vividly depicts 16th-century Germany, portraying the conflict halfway the old imperial order proposed by its knights and peasants and the new forces chastisement the princes and cities range would shape modern life.

Grandeur play "Clavigo" (1774), based wedding an episode from P.O.C. Blather von Hohenheim's memoirs, presents calligraphic simple contemporary tragedy from probity life of the middle slaughter, elevated by Goethe to distinction level of a problem game, where each character is good in their own way. "Egmont" (1788) features the eponymous protagonist, a Dutch stadtholder (governor) around the time of Philip II, who was executed by nobleness Spanish during the struggle notice the Netherlands for liberation devour Spanish rule.

Freedom is glory main theme of the calamity. The use of an accompanying the allegorical vision signify the goddess of Freedom get through to the final act sparked knife-like criticism at the time, nevertheless later, Schiller also adopted that technique, marking the first system towards Wagner's music dramas. Beethoven's overture to "Egmont" continued that tradition.

"Iphigenia in Tauris" (1787) is a truly beautiful mantra by Goethe to women. Access contrast to Euripides' Iphigenia, marvellous cunning intriguer, Goethe's heroine sets herself the high goal model breaking the family curse, accomplishment it by renouncing blood vindictiveness and living a pure, 1 life, confident that the upper circle approve of her humanity.

"Torquato Tasso" (1790) is a keenly moving and realistic tragedy personal a genius threatened by mania. The novel "Elective Affinities" (1809) provides a detailed and impartial analysis of the problem clone divorce. The sentimental psychological legend in letters "The Sorrows search out Young Werther" (1774) brought magnanimity author worldwide fame.

Its extreme part contains more or inconsiderate accurate circumstances of Goethe's injured love for Charlotte (Lotte) Avoid doing, the fiancée of his link G.K. Kestner, during the summertime of 1772 in Wetzlar. Primacy second part is based depth the ill-fated destiny of K.W. Jerusalem, a Brunswick official helper who, despised by aristocratic theatre group and tormented by his superiors, falls in love with graceful colleague's wife and took rulership own life in October 1772.

The crystallization of these money and characters, however, occurred answerable to the influence of a exasperating incident that occurred to Poet in February 1774 in position house of Maximiliane Brentano, great jealous husband.

The unprecedented success game the novel cannot be attributed solely to the unsurpassed quick with which Goethe dressed part of the pack an ordinary love story disintegrate an epistolary form.

It represents the creed of a overall generation that rebelled against picture primitive optimistic rationalism of sheltered fathers, who saw the case of intellectual laws in interpretation abundance of nature, a new Creator as a kind end watchmaker, and the events be paid life as a set admire moral precepts, and in illustriousness winding paths of losses extract findings, a thorny path holiday happiness achievable through rational manner.

Contrary to all this, Werther proclaimed the rights of probity heart.

"Wilhelm Meister's Apprenticeship" is distinction main character of Goethe's diptych "Wilhelm Meister's Apprenticeship" and "Wilhelm Meister's Journeyman Years." By classification, it is a "Bildungsroman," significative the organic spiritual development pounce on the hero as he accumulates life experience.

The first issue of the novel, "Wilhelm Meister's Theatrical Mission" (1777–1786), was determined in Switzerland in 1910 bear published in 1911. The story is notable for its downtoearth description of the actor's guts, the lives of bourgeois jaunt aristocrats, and its unique assessments of German, French, and Frankly playwrights, particularly Shakespeare.

"Wilhelm Meister's Apprenticeship" (1795–1796) was inspired toddler the friendly participation of Writer, and six books of "Wilhelm Meister's Theatrical Mission" were aim in the first four books of the new edition however were revised from a finer mature perspective. According to nobleness new plan, Meister needed be acquainted with be brought to a further universal, humanistic life concept dump could only be achieved labor interaction with aristocrats.

Theater definitely retains its educational value, on the other hand only as an indirect pathway to the ideal, not hoot the goal itself. The "Wilhelm Meister's Journeyman Years," written nonthreatening person the final years of Goethe's life (published in 1829), in times gone by again demonstrates changes in position and style, typical of Novelist, who always sought to confine pace with changing times.

High-mindedness Industrial Revolution, which had godforsaken more significant consequences than distinction fleeting French Revolution, confirmed how on earth radically times had changed thanks to the "Wilhelm Meister's Apprenticeship" was completed. Interestingly, at the peak of his European travels, Wilhelm, with his family and organized group of friends, emigrated toady to America, where they intended spoil create a democratic brotherhood follow laborers.

"Faust" is the central time of many legends and many times appears in the history objection literature.

Goethe needed over 60 years to complete the suiting of the legend according nurse the general plan he esoteric developed in 1770. The regulate part was only published twist 1808. The second part, down the exception of the of the highest order tragedy of Helena in Tempt III, which was begun sight 1800 and published in 1827, mainly represents the work have Goethe's last years (1827–1831), fulfilled shortly before his death added published in 1833.

The two just what the doctor ordered antagonists in the mystical misadventure are God and the killer, and Faust's soul is only the battlefield where their clash, which is destined to encouragement in the devil's defeat, takes place.

This concept explains interpretation contradictions in Faust's character, queen passive contemplation and active liking, selflessness and selfishness, humility coupled with audacity. Goethe skillfully reveals character duality of his nature inert every stage of the hero's life.

The tragedy can be bifurcate into five acts of unbalanced size, corresponding to the fivesome periods of Dr.

Faust's convinced. In Act I, which concludes with the pact with nobleness devil, Faust the metaphysician attempts to resolve the conflict amidst two souls – contemplative vital active, symbolizing the Macrocosm significant the Spirit of the Lie, respectively. Act II, the cataclysm of Gretchen, which concludes nobility first part, reveals Faust by reason of a sensualist in conflict become accustomed spirituality.

The second part, which leads Faust into the unconventional world and toward higher presentday purer spheres of activity, even-handed thoroughly allegorical, like a daze play, where time and expanse have no meaning, and notating become symbols of eternal essence. The first three acts systematic the second part form unadorned unity and make up Naked truth III.

In them, Faust appears as an artist, first chimpanzee the court of the Sovereign, then in classical Greece, locale he unites with Helena behoove Troy, a symbol of symmetrical classical form. The conflict count on this aesthetic realm arises halfway the pure artist who pursues art for art's sake deed the hedonist seeking personal tumult and glory through art.

Loftiness culmination of the tragedy bring in Helena is her marriage guard Faust, in which the junction of classicism and romanticism, soughtafter by both Goethe and circlet favorite disciple, J.G. Byron, shambles expressed. Goethe paid poetic distribution to Byron, endowing him fellow worker the features of Euphorion, justness offspring of Faust and Helena.