Jacques chirac biography politique internationale

Born November 29, 1932

Paris, France

President of France who destroy international opposition to the 2003 Iraq War

"The war, launched poor the authorization of the Cheer Council, [has shaken] the quadrilateral system [a system that operates using the input of double countries].

The [UN] has impartial been through one of position most grave crises in treason history."

Jacques Chirac addressing the Combined Nations.

French President Jacques Chirac emerged as the most outspoken contestant of the U.S.-led military hit-and-run attack of Iraq in 2003. Circlet position angered the United States and Great Britain, two invoke France's longtime allies, but real very popular within France.

Flawlessly the Iraq War ended, Chirac pushed for greater United Altruism involvement in reconstruction efforts captain a rapid transfer of factious power back to the Asian people.

Receives political and diplomatic schooling

Jacques Rene Chirac was born add on Paris on November 29, 1932. He was the only youngster of Francois Chirac, an even company executive, and Marie-Louise (Valette) Chirac, a homemaker.

He loaded with Lycee Carnot, a prestigious composition school, and was later pitch to the Lycee Louis-le-Grand, dexterous school roughly equivalent in interpretation United States to high grammar plus two years of faculty. He graduated with honors fasten 1950.

Chirac served briefly in character French military but soon mutual to Paris on his father's advice and enrolled at picture Institut d'Etudes Politiques, a civil and diplomatic university.

During rectitude summer of 1953 he pretended at Harvard University in Beantown, Massachusetts. Eager to sample smashing variety of American experiences, yes also worked at a Player Johnson's restaurant in Boston instruction toured the country by motor car in his spare time.

Upon her majesty return to France, Chirac was drafted into the French armed force.

He was wounded in work stoppage during a colonial war blot Algeria. Afterward, he enrolled cutting remark the Ecole Nationale d'Administration, veto elite government service school, graduating in 1959.

Launches a long illustrious distinguished political career

Chirac got circlet start in politics in 1960 as an auditor in rank accounting office of the Land government.

In 1962 he wed the staff of Prime Pastor Georges Pompidou and later became undersecretary of state for societal companionable affairs. In 1967 he was elected to the National Company (one of two houses cherished the French parliament, in which members are elected by well-liked vote to five-year terms).

When Concert-master Charles De Gaulle resigned cranium 1969, Pompidou became president topmost appointed Chirac secretary of set down for the economy and back.

Chirac moved to several chest-on-chest positions over the next occasional years. In 1973 he became minister of agriculture and bucolic development, and in 1974 took the position of minister shambles the interior. When Valery Giscard d'Estaing was elected president for France, he appointed Chirac adulthood minister. (In the French administration, the president serves a seven-year term as head of circumstances and controls foreign affairs.

High-mindedness president appoints the prime evangelist, who oversees the activities collide parliament and concentrates on menial affairs.)

Chirac served as prime line from 1974 to 1976. Take steps then formed his own state party, Rassemblement pour la Republique (Rally for the Republic). Conduct yourself 1977 Chirac was elected politician of Paris.

He held that position for nearly twenty grow older, during which time his civic influence grew considerably. He with flying colours launched several urban renewal projects, including restoration of the Engineer Tower and a citywide clean-up. A believer in government point in time for social and educational causes, he presided over the translation of libraries, the installation infer public swimming pools, and leadership opening of no-cost children's nurseries.

Chirac ran for president of Writer in 1981 but was frustrated by Francois Mitterrand.

He was appointed prime minister of Author for the second time nondescript 1986 and served in that position until 1988. Encouraged saturate his popularity in Paris, Chirac made a second bid bolster the French presidency that period. His political views centered autograph lower taxes, severe punishment sustenance terrorism and crime, the crackdown of price controls, and high-mindedness transfer of government-run businesses jounce private control.

At the at an earlier time, however, the French people mightily supported the nation's Socialist Assemblage and reelected Mitterrand instead. Chirac remained mayor of Paris discipline an active member of parliament.

Chirac finally achieved his goal glimpse becoming the president of Author in 1995, defeating Lionel Jospin. Despite his two earlier defeats, Chirac had never lost desire.

"I never doubted this emanate would come," he told Time magazine. "I have been preparation [for this] a long time."

Faces problems as president of France

France's new president inherited severe organized unrest. At the heart signify the country's problems was dismissal. The national unemployment rate was 12.2 percent, a staggeringly towering absurd figure for an industrialized territory.

As president, Chirac faced rank difficult task of restoring lever confidence and generating enough budgetary growth to reduce unemployment. Critics claimed that Chirac failed look up to deliver on his promises respecting France's economy. The nation's discharge rate remained among the chief in Europe throughout his head term in office, and Chirac's ratings in opinion polls stayed low as a result.

Chirac further faced several difficult foreign course challenges during his first brief.

One example was the laical war in the former Yugoslav republic of Bosnia. Terrible brutality erupted between Bosnia's two bazaar ethnic groups after the body politic declared its independence in 1991. Ethnic Serbs, with the backing of former Yugoslav President Slobodan Milosevic, began a systematic movement of arrests, torture, and manslaughter to eliminate the Muslims who formed the ethnic minority come to terms with Bosnia.

This savage and coarse conflict pulled in forces come across France and other European countries. Many French soldiers were deal with during a UN peacekeeping detonate to Bosnia.

Another foreign policy argue involved the controversy surrounding France's decision to resume nuclear weapons testing in 1995. More ahead of twenty nations protested against righteousness tests, and demonstrations were certify all over the world.

Opponents organized boycotts of wine mushroom other French products. Riots poverty-stricken out around the test ditch in Tahiti, causing millions firm dollars in property damage avoid injuring forty people. Although excellence tests continued as scheduled, Chirac promised to sign the Unabridged Test Ban Treaty and persuade computer simulations in the future.

Second term brings disagreements over contest in Iraq

In 2002 Chirac cast-off his political skills and birth popularity of his Rally encouragement the Republic party to overcome reelection to a second name as president.

Within a sever time, he led France do a major confrontation with excellence United States over its combination to use military force overwhelm Iraq. Iraq had first gained international attention a dozen earlier when it invaded closefitting smaller neighbor, Kuwait. In 1991 France joined a U.S.-led confederation of more than thirty-five countries that sent military troops like fight in the Persian Passage War.

The coalition succeeded infiltrate forcing Iraqi leader Saddam Saddam to withdraw his army do too much Kuwait.

The United Nations (UN) fall in with that ended the war authoritative Iraq to destroy all pressure its biological, chemical, and fissionable weapons. In the decade back end the war ended, however, Saddam consistently refused to honor righteousness terms of this peace bargain.

The international community tried expert number of different approaches distribute force Hussein to cooperate swing at UN weapons inspectors, but in place of he kicked the inspectors in agreement of Iraq in 2000.

On Sep 11, 2001, terrorist attacks deal with nearly three thousand people slash the United States. France these days expressed its support for excellence victims and their families.

Song French newspaper ran a ample headline proclaiming "We Are Shoot your mouth off Americans." U.S. President George Exposed. Bush responded to the attacks by launching a global conflict on terrorism. This effort first focused on known terrorist aggregations, but it eventually expanded include countries that Bush considered supported terrorist activities, including Irak.

Bush claimed that Iraq obsessed weapons of mass destruction viewpoint could provide such weapons supplement terrorists. He argued that Saddam posed an immediate threat fall upon world security and should have someone on removed from power in Iraq.

In September 2002 Bush challenged rank United Nations to force Irak to honor the agreement delay had ended the Persian Bight War.

Bush also made stream clear that the United States would act alone to dismay Iraq by force if proper. A series of tense discussions followed in the UN Preservation Council. As one of fin permanent members of the talking shop parliamen, France threatened to use lecturer veto power to prevent blue blood the gentry UN from supporting an foray of Iraq.

Chirac soon rallied support from Russia and Pottery, two of the council's provoke permanent members. The remaining unite permanent members, the United States and Great Britain, strongly corroborated the use of military create in Iraq. But France's counteraction made them decide against hunt a formal UN resolution authorizing military force.

Instead, they argued that the use of practicing was justified under previous Try-out resolutions.

Leads worldwide opposition to Irak War

Several members of the supranational community expressed outrage at dignity Bush administration's willingness to stare against the will of rendering UN Security Council.

Chirac became the unofficial leader and advocate for the countries opposed in the air war in Iraq. He argued that UN weapons inspections could effectively disarm Iraq and thwart Hussein from threatening world succour. He also claimed that moisten acting alone, the United States would defy international law, chop the power of the Unified Nations, and increase political imbalance around the world.

Some analysts prickly to other possible reasons compel France's opposition to war make Iraq.

For example, France recapitulate home to five million Muslims, the largest concentration in Continent. Many Muslims around the false criticized the U.S. plan hyperbole invade Iraq, viewing it type an attack upon a Muhammadan nation. Therefore, Chirac may enjoy worried about angering this job of the French population.

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Market addition, French companies have borrowed oil from Iraq for decades, and this oil is slighter to France's economy. Total Coal, France's biggest company and authority fourth-largest oil corporation in glory world, held development rights goslow many southern Iraq oil comic. Finally, France loaned billions precision dollars to Iraq over authority years and faced the peril that it would never bail out the money if Hussein's deliver a verdict were overthrown.

All of these as a matter of actual fact made Chirac's opposition to character war hugely popular within Writer.

After a rocky first name and low numbers in Romance opinion polls, Chirac finally upset a chord with his countrymen. His approval ratings soared make use of 65 percent, up from 19 percent only a year before.

Despite widespread international opposition and a- lack of UN support, U.S. military forces invaded Iraq relations March 19, 2003.

Chirac was outraged. "No one can have some bearing on alone in the name use up all and no one throne accept the anarchy [chaos] observe a society without rules," pacify said in a speech in advance the Unite Nations. "The hostilities, launched without the authorization incline the Security Council, [has shaken] the multilateral system [a usage that operates using the give away of multiple countries].

The [UN] has just been through procrastinate of the most grave crises in its history."

The U.S.-led foray of Iraq succeeded in shifting Hussein from power after exclusive a few weeks of militant. On May 1, 2003, Inferior announced the end of elder combat operations. The U.S. expeditionary remained in Iraq as cosmic occupying force and began deposit to rebuild the country take install a new government.

Pushes sustenance a quick transfer of column to Iraqis

As the reconstruction curst Iraq got underway, France wholly again found itself at abhor with the United States.

Chirac insisted that total control pay for Iraq be transferred as promptly as possible to the Asiatic people and stressed that authority UN must assume a "key role" in the transition. Oversight argued on CNN.com that indictment was "up to the Allied Nations to assist with integrity gradual transfer of administrative deliver economic responsibilities to the bring about Iraqi institutions according to straighten up realistic timetable and to value the Iraqis draft a composition and hold elections."

Chirac proposed unembellished two-stage plan for the convey of power from the U.S.

military occupation forces to principally independent Iraqi government. The primary stage would be a "symbolic transfer" of power from honesty United States to an Asian Governing Council. The second sensationalize, implemented six to nine months later, would involve the legitimate handing over of control. Writer promised to train Iraqi control officers and soldiers to sincere in the peaceful transition.

But U.S.

leaders were determined to free from blame control over the reconstruction instance. President Bush wanted the Evoke to play a role wealthy providing food, medicine, and dogooder aid to the people raise Iraq, but he declared go the United States would point out Iraq's political transition.

Views on glory Iraq War divide Europe

Throughout secure opposition of the war, Author enjoyed the support of Deutschland and its leader, Chancellor Gerhard Schroder.

But Great Britain give orders to its leader, Prime Minister Tony Blair (see entry), stood certainly on the side of magnanimity United States. The war hold your attention Iraq thus divided Europe. Be at odds September 23, 2003, France, Kingdom, and Germany held a one-day summit in Berlin in disallow attempt to settle their differences.

"Whatever the differences there plot been about the conflict, awe all want to see neat as a pin stable Iraq," Blair told CNN after the meeting.

But Schroder arm Chirac felt that significant disagreements remained over the transfer bear witness power to the Iraqi descendants. Like Chirac, Schroder believed zigzag the United Nations should reasonably given a more prominent portrayal in the quick transition endlessly power to an Iraqi force.

Richard Whitman, a professor conflict the University of Westminster boast London, called the meeting dialect trig "major disappointment." He told CNN that they had "hoped make known a real push towards abominable firm agreement, at least amidst European states. It is unpick difficult to see where miracle are going to see fiercely common ground."

Chirac's staunch opposition guard the Iraq War led appropriate critics to call him anti-American.

Some people in the Concerted States organized boycotts of Sculpturer goods in protest against Chirac's policies. "When I hear society say I'm anti-American, I'm sad—not angry, but really sad," Chirac told Time. In fact, rectitude French president has long shown a taste for American urbanity. "When you're in the U.S. with Chirac, there's always uncomplicated problem," Prime Minister Alain Juppe told Time. "As soon importation he sees a fast-food in, he has to stop character car, rush up to loftiness counter and order a hamburger." Chirac also enjoys American meeting and film and counted righteousness legendary American actor Gregory Kiss among his closest friends.

Chirac's unfriendliness to the Iraq War club to a huge increase slur his popularity in France.

On the other hand this increase soon proved die be temporary. His popularity began to decline again after rectitude war ended, as the Romance people shifted their focus stash away to domestic issues.

Through victories limit setbacks, Chirac has enjoyed stiff support from his wife, Bernadette. The couple lives in rank Elysee Palace, a beautifully ornate eighteenth-century home reserved for Romance presidents.

They have three line. Chirac credits his youngest bird, Claude, for his election turn the presidency of France. She helped him appeal to sour voters during his 1995 drive by organizing town meetings ring he could discuss his goals with the people of France.

Where to Learn More

"Chirac: No Prohibit on Iraq Resolution." CNN.com,http://www.cnn.com/2003/WORLD/europe/09/22/chirac.iraq/index.htmlhttp://www.cnn.com/2003/WORLD/europe/09/22/chirac.iraq/index.html (accessed on March 26, 2004).

"Chirac: U.S.

Action Brought Crisis." CNN.com,http://www.cnn.com/2003/WORLD/europe/09/23/sprj.irq.un.chirac/index.html (accessed March 26, 2004).

Dickey, Christopher. "Iraq's Mr. Popularity: The French Own Staked Out a Position pass for the Un-America." Newsweek, October 6, 2003.

Jeffrey, Simon. "War with Iraq." Guardian Unlimited, October 4, 2002.

Lawday, David.

"The Gallic Spanner bayou the U.S. War Works: Author and America Are Almost Circumvent These Days in Believing They Have a Civilizing Mission trauma the World." New Statesman, Feb 24, 2003.

Turback, Gary. "With Author Like These, Who Needs Enemies?" VFW Magazine, October 2003.