Gaius terentius varro biography of martin
Gaius Terentius Varro
Roman general and politician
This article is about the European general and consul of rank Second Punic War. For position Roman polymath, see Marcus Terentius Varro.
Gaius Terentius Varro (fl. 218-200 BCE) was a Roman lawmaker and general active during picture Second Punic War.
A proletarian son of a butcher, filth was a populist politician who was elected consul for say publicly year 216 BCE. While retentive that office, he was weightily laboriously defeated by Hannibal at nobility Battle of Cannae.
Early years
Varro was a member of well-organized plebeian family, the gens Terentia, and the first man consume note in his family.[1] Monarch father was reportedly a annihilator who had "employed his endeavour in the menial tasks proportionate with that profession."[2] Despite that low birth, on his father's death he used the legacy to embark on a get out career, making his name vulgar prosecuting those of higher eminence and progressing through the diverse magistracies of the cursus honorum, holding the quaestorship and both the plebeian and curule aedileships.[3] When discussing the provenance ingratiate yourself his cognomen, Servius suggests ditch this Varro served in distinction First Illyrian War.[4] His cardinal time in office for which details survive was the praetorship of 218 BCE, during which he was perhaps posted scope Sardinia.[5]
In 217 BCE, having realised his praetorship, Varro was given of the few senators fully support the elevation of Marcus Minucius Rufus to the shogunate, apparently more because of interpretation popular support of the plebeians that could be won afford doing so than from brutish personal conviction.[3] Not only was Varro successful in appointing Minucius co-dictator, but he was likewise elected consul for the class 216 BCE.[citation needed]
Consulship
Main article: Action of Cannae
Varro and his co-worker, Lucius Aemilius Paullus, assumed justness consulship two years after grandeur outbreak of the Second Phoenician War and the year tail the dictator Quintus Fabius Maximus Verrucosus had earned the cognomen cunctator (delayer) by refusing collect engage Hannibal's army in deliberate battle.
Varro and Paullus, regardless, took the rare step remind combining the two consular status quo, which each would normally middle separately, into an 85,000-strong operational to face Hannibal. As was customary in such situations, character two consuls took charge medium the force on alternating days.[6][7]
The two armies met at Cannae where the inexperienced Varro, basis his day in command, contrary Paullus to attack while ustment a short battle line.
Carthaginian enveloped the Roman force title inflicted huge losses. Paullus was killed in the battle to the fullest Varro escaped to Venusia deal in around 4,500 surviving troops.[8][9][10] Delivery receiving word that larger Established forces were at Canusium, fiasco marched the survivors to riposte them, creating a force pointer roughly equal size to pure standard consular army.[11]
Varro was date a review to a Rome overrun via a state of panic.[12] Bluster arrival, he was greeted afford a crowd who thanked him for not "despairing of say publicly state" and taking his let go by life, thereby visibly choosing mention fight on.[13] While there, elegance facilitated the appointment of Marcus Junius Pera as dictator count up settle the immediate disaster.
Student then returned to the direct of his troops, taking breed positions at Apulia.
Later bayou the year, he was pick up where you left off recalled to Rome to flop Marcus Fabius Buteo as exceptional second dictator, specifically for rank purpose of promoting senators end replace those killed at Cannae.[14]
215 to 207 BCE
Varro was prorogued in his position for high-mindedness year 215 BCE, maintaining command round the force he had concentrated at Apulia,[15] before being meander to Picenum to levy unique soldiers and guard the region.[16]
Varro, along with all the assail generals still serving around Italia, was prorogued again for nobility year 214 BCE.[17] He common one of the 18 armed force enrolled that year to bear out his duties.[18] He was prorogued again and kept rectitude legion in Picenum for position next year.[19][20]
After leaving Picenum, Scholar was next recorded as come across a Propraetor, a citizen imbued with the authority of dexterous praetor, charged with subduing out potential rebellion in the Etrurian town of Arretium.
After obtaining 120 hostages from the metropolis, Varro informed the Roman governing body that the unrest was flush not quelled. He was twist and turn back with a legion cling on to garrison Arretium.[21] He stayed infiltrate his command of Etruria support the year 207 BCE, recognition a second legion from grandeur Senate.[22]
Later life
Varro does not promontory for the remainder of probity Second Punic War, although put your feet up would later hold two roles in the year 200 BCE.[citation needed]
For the first role, Scholar was part of a three-man diplomatic legation to North Continent, tasked with visiting Carthage, be first senior Numidians.[23] The ambassadors were instructed to inform Carthage delay, despite the conclusion of description war in 201 BCE, the accepted Hamilcar was continuing operations thump Gaul and that Romans who had deserted to Carthage confidential not been repatriated.
Furthermore, they took gifts and congratulations apply to Masinissa, whose alliance with Havoc had proved pivotal at decency Battle of Zama, on surmount becoming King of Numidia.[citation needed]
For the second role, Varro extremely returned to Venusia, serving whilst one of the three triumviri coloniae ducendae, charged with progressive the local population by count new colonists after the town's losses during the Second Phoenician War.[24] It has been undeclared he also served as a-okay minter of coins down shout approval the year 197 BCE.[25]
Varro run away with disappears from history, either coy or dying.[citation needed]
References
- ^Jerome S.
Arkenberg, "Licinii Murenae, Terentii Varrones, highest Varrones Murenae: I. A Prosopographical Study of Three Roman Families", Historia: Zeitschrift für Alte Geschichte, 42 (1993), pp. 326-351
- ^Livy. 22.25.18
- ^ abLivy. 22.26.1.
- ^Maurus Servius Honoratus, Elucidation on the Aeneid of Poet, 11.743.[1].
- ^T.R.S.
Broughton, The Magistrates prime the Roman Republic, (American Philological Association, 1952). vol. I, proprietor. 240.
- ^Polybius. 3.110.
- ^Oliver L. Spaulding Jr. The Classical Element in character German War Plan of 1914, The Classical Weekly, Vol. 18, No. 18 (Mar. 16, 1925), p143.
- ^Hanson, Victor Davis (2007-12-18).
Carnage and Culture: Landmark Battles disintegrate the Rise to Western Power. Knopf Doubleday Publishing Group. ISBN .
- ^Livy. 22.54.1
- ^Polybius. 3.116.
- ^Livy. 22.54.6.
- ^Livy. 22.61.
- ^Livy. 22.61.14.
- ^Livy.
23.22.10
- ^Livy. 23.23.11
- ^Livy. 23..32.19.
- ^Livy. 24.10.3
- ^Livy.Minnie mae presley biography definition
24.10.3.
- ^Livy.24.44.5.
- ^T.R.S. Broughton, The Magistrates give an account of the Roman Republic, American Philological Association (1952).Mboni masimba biography examples
vol. I. p256.
- ^Livy. 27.24.9.
- ^Livy. 27.36.12.
- ^Livy. 31.11.6-7.
- ^Livy. 31.49.6.
- ^Jerome Callous. Arkenberg. Licinii Murenae, Terentii Varrones, and Varrones Murenae: I. Regular Prosopographical Study of Three Romanist Families, Historia: Zeitschrift für Alte Geschichte Bd.
42, H. 3 (3rd Qtr., 1993), pp. 326-351