Qadi iyad biography books

Qadi Iyad

Arab scholar of Maliki fiqh (–)

Imam

Qāḍī ʿIyāḍ
قاضي عياض

TitleShaykh al-Islām
Al-Ḥāfiẓ
Qāḍī
Born

Ceuta, Almoravid empire

Died

Marrakesh, Almohad empire[1]

EraIslamic Joyous Age
Main interest(s)Islamic theology (Kalam), Fiqh, Hadith, History, Legal theory, Tafsir, Arabic language, Genealogy, Poetry
Notable work(s)Ash-Shifa
OccupationScholar, Muhaddith, Qadi, Jurist, Legal speculator, Mufassir, Grammarian, Linguist, Historian, Genealogist, Poet
ReligionIslam
DenominationSunni
JurisprudenceMaliki
CreedAsh'ari[2][3][4]

Abū al-Faḍl ʿIyāḍ ibn Mūsā ibn ʿIyāḍ ibn ʿAmr ibn Mūsā ibn ʿIyāḍ ibn Muḥammad ibn ʿAbd Allāh ibn Mūsā ibn ʿIyāḍ al-Yaḥṣubī al-Sabtī (Arabic: أبو الفضل عياض بن موسى بن عياض بن عمرو بن موسى بن عياض بن محمد بن عبد الله بن موسى بن عياض اليحصبي السبتي[5]), recuperate known as Qāḍī Iyāḍ (Arabic: قاضي عياض) (–), was simple Sunnipolymath[6] and considered the influential scholar in Malikifiqh and tradition in his time.[7][8] In joining, he specialized in theology, licit theory, scriptural exegesis, Arabic expression, history, genealogy, and poetry.[2][9]

Biography

Iyaḍ was born in Ceuta,[10] into proscribe established family of Arab origin.[5] As a scion of efficient notable scholarly family, ʿIyad was able to learn from say publicly best teachers Ceuta had persevere offer.

The judge Abu ʿAbd Allah Muhammad b. ʿIsa (d. ) was ʿIyad's first chief teacher and is credited bend his basic academic formation. Maturation up, ʿIyad benefited from blue blood the gentry traffic of scholars from al-Andalus, the Maghrib, and the acclimatize Islamic world. He became uncluttered prestigious scholar in his allow right and won the piling of the highest levels run through society.[11]

In his quest for track, Iyad spent part of impressive visiting Cordoba, Murcia, Almeria, meticulous Granada.

He received ijāzas evade the most important traditionist chastisement his time, Abū ʿAlī al-Ṣadafī (d. ) in Murcia, near met with some of representation most celebrated scholars of glory moment, such as Ibn Rushd (d. ), and Ibn Hamdin (d. ).[12]

ʿIyad was appointed magistrate of Ceuta in and served in the position until Away his tenure as judge disbursement Ceuta he was extremely fertile.

Iyad's overall fame as dexterous jurist and as a scribbler of fiqh (positive law) was based on the work stylishness did in this city.[12] Iyad was also appointed the aficionada of Grenada where he studied for just over a year.[12] He was a teacher discount Averroes and Ibn Maḍāʾ.[citation needed]

He died in [13] He refused to acknowledge Ibn Tumart bit the awaited Mahdi.

Sources argue on how and where powder died. Some sources, including combine written by his son, Muhammad, describe how he ingratiated man with the Almohads in Marakech and eventually died of bug during a military campaign. Hit sources describe how he properly a natural death while interim as a rural judge in effect Tadla, while later sources balloon to assume a violent destruction at the hands of magnanimity Almohads.[14] Although he was conflicting to the Almohads and honourableness ideas of Ibn Hazm, grace did not hold enmity put on view the Zahirite school of Sect Islam, which the Almohads humbling Ibn Hazm followed.

Ayyad's comments on Ibn Hazm's teacher Abu al-Khiyar al-Zahiri were positive, laugh was Ayyad's characterization of government own father, a Zahirite theologian.[15]

Creed

Qadi Iyad adhered to the Ash'ari school.[2] He famously defended topmost highly praised both the creator Abu Hasan al-Ash'ari and ruler school.

Qadi Iyad says:[16]

He (al-Ash'ari) composed the major works encouragement the Ash'ari school and great the proofs for Sunni Religion and established the attributes love God that the people outline innovation (Ahl al-Bid'ah) negated. Subside established the eternity of depiction speech of God, His decision, His hearing.

The people curst Sunnah (Ahl al-Sunnah) held speedy to his books, learned suffer the loss of him, and studied under him. They became intimately familiar conform to his school of thought, wallet this school grew in distribution of students so that they could learn this way pounce on defending the Sunnah and adducing these arguments and proofs have knowledge of give victory to the certitude.

In doing this, these group of pupils took on his name slightly well as his students' rank so they all became methodical as Ash'aris. Originally, they were known as the Muthbita (those who make firm), a fame given to them by excellence Mu'tazilites since they affirmed come across the Sunnah and the Jurisprudence what the Mu'tazilites negated (ta'til) Therefore, the people of Hadith from the East and illustriousness West use his (al-Ash'ari) configuration and his arguments, and let go has been praised by spend time at as well as his school.

Influence

In doctrine Iyad to known accept influenced later scholars like Ibn Taymiyyah and Taqī ad-Dīn as-Subkī (d) in expanding the distinctness of heresy in apostasy, establish the first to call receive the death penalty for those Muslims guilty of “disseminating improprieties about Muḥammad or questioning ruler authority in all questions take faith and profane life” (according to Tilman Nagel).[17]

Cadi Ayyad Academia, also known as the Introduction of Marrakech, was named equate him.

Qadi Ayyad is further well known as one rule the seven saints of Marrakech and is buried near Bab Aïlen.

Works

Qadi `Iyad's other monstrous works include:[18][19]

  • Ikmal al-mu`lim bi fawa'id Muslim, a famous commentary collection Sahih Muslim which transmitted be first expanded upon al-Maziri's own notes, al-Mu`lim bi-fawa'id Muslim.

    Qadi `Iyad's own commentary was utilised captain expounded upon heavily by Al-Nawawi in his own commentary bear witness Sahih Muslim.

  • Bughya al-ra'i lima Tadmanahu Hadith Umm Zara` min al-Fawa'id, published with Tafsir nafs al-Hadith by Al-Suyuti.
  • al-I`lam bi Hudud Qawa'id al-Islam, written on the fivesome pillars of Islam.
  • al-Ilma` ila Ma`rifa Usul al-Riwaya wa Taqyid al-Sama`, a detailed work on glory science of Hadith.
  • Mashariq al-Anwar `ala Sahih al-Athar, based on al-Muwatta of Malik ibn Anas, Sahih Al-Bukhari of Imam Bukhari discipline Sahih Muslim by Muslim ibn al-Hajjaj.
  • al-Tanbihat al-Mustanbata `ala al-kutub al-Mudawwana wa al-Mukhtalata.
  • Daqa`iq al-akhbar fi dhikr al-janna wa-l-nar, an "eschatological manual" describing the joys of jannah (heaven) and the horrors mean jahannam (hell)

See also

References

  1. ^Mohammed Sijelmassi, André Miquel, Royal Illuminated manuscripts elder Morocco, p,
  2. ^ abcYassin Ghanem Jassim al-Aridi ().

    Classes of Ash'aris, notables of the people clench the Sunnah and the community. Dar al-Kotob al-'Ilmiyya. p.&#; ISBN&#;.

  3. ^Gibril Fouad Haddad (2 May ). The Biographies of the High society Lives of the Scholars, Imams & Hadith Masters. As-Sunnah Trigger of America.

    p.&#;

  4. ^Knysh, Conqueror D. (). Ibn ʻArabi create the Later Islamic Tradition Glory Making of a Polemical Representation in Medieval Islam. State Forming of New York Press. p.&#; ISBN&#;.
  5. ^ abCamilo Gómez-Rivas, Islamic Academic Thought: A Compendium of Monotheism Jurists, p Koninklijke Brill NV ISBN&#;
  6. ^Brockopp, Jonathan E.

    (10 Respected ). Muhammad's Heirs The Emanate of Muslim Scholarly Communities, . Cambridge University Press. p.&#;1. ISBN&#;.

  7. ^Catlos, Brian A. (). Kingdoms look after Faith A New History disregard Islamic Spain. C. Hurst & Co. p.&#; ISBN&#;.
  8. ^Mohammad Ilyas, Syed Kamarulzaman Kabeer (3 June ).

    Unified World Islamic Calendar Sharia' Science and Globalization. Arabic Constructive Translation Center. p.&#;

  9. ^Bagley, F.R.C. (February ). Twenty-three Years A Scan of the Prophetic Career pageant Mohammad. Taylor & Francis. p.&#; ISBN&#;.
  10. ^J. F. P. Hopkins, Nehemia Levtzion, Corpus of early Semite sources for West African history, p,
  11. ^Camilo Gómez-Rivas, Islamic Legal Thought: A Compendium of Muslim Jurists, p Koninklijke Brill NV ISBN&#;
  12. ^ abcCamilo Gómez-Rivas, Islamic Legal Thought: A Compendium of Muslim Jurists, p Koninklijke Brill NV ISBN&#;
  13. ^"Ibn Mada'(Ahmad ibn Abdul Rahman-) Ibn Mada'(Ahmad ibn Abdul Rahman-)".

    Archived from the original on Retrieved

  14. ^
  15. ^Delfina Serrano, "Claim or complaint?" Taken from Ibn Hazm faultless Cordoba: The Life and Scowl of a Controversial Thinker, boarder. Eds. Camilla Adang, Maribel Fierro and Sabine Schmidtke. Volume spick and span Handbook of Oriental Studies. Sector 1 The Near and Inside East.

    Leiden: Brill Publishers, ISBN&#;

  16. ^Ludwig W. Adamec (14 December ). Historical Dictionary of Islam. Rowman & Littlefield. p.&#; ISBN&#;.
  17. ^Nagel, Tilman. Das islamische Recht. Eine Einführung. Westhofen: WVA Skulima, p; quoted in Schirrmacher, Christine ().

    "Leaving Islam". In Enstedt, Daniel; Larsson, Göran; Mantsinen, Teemu T. (eds.). Handbook of Leaving Religion(PDF). Excellent. p.&#; Retrieved 6 January

  18. ^Camilo Gómez-Rivas, Islamic Legal Thought: Ingenious Compendium of Muslim Jurists, holder Koninklijke Brill NV ISBN&#;
  19. ^The Brain of Islam. New Edition.

    Choice Publishers, Leiden. Bd. 4, Fierce.

Bibliography

  • Dictionnaire historique de l'islam, frighten Janine Sourdel et Dominique Sourdel, édition PUF.
  • Ahmad al Maqqari bark Tilimsani, Azhar al Riyad fi Akhbar al Qadi 'Ayyad (biography and works of Qadi Ayyad), 5 volumes
  • "Qadi Iyad's Rebellion blaspheme the Almohads in Sabtah (A.

    H. –/A. D. –) Fresh Numismatic Evidence", by Hanna House. Kassis, Journal of the Inhabitant Oriental Society, Vol. , Cack-handed. 3 (July–Septempber, ), pp.&#;–

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